REGIME CHANGE政权更迭
Secretary of State Colin Powell laid it on the rhetorical line: the Bush administration “is committed to regime change” in Iraq. He reˉpeated to the Senate that “a regime change would be in the best interests of the region.” That's a euphemism for “overthrow of government” or “toppling Saddam.”
Why, then, did he not say “we intend to throw him and his motley crew of mass murderers out of Baghdad, replacing them with a government that will allow the Iraqi people free elections?” Because that sort of talk is undiplomatic or even impolitic. Overthrow and topple are hot, vigorous verbs; regime change is a cool, polite noun phrase suggesting transition withˉout collateral damage.
A regime is a government you don't like. (It can also be a strict diet of grapefruit and pasta, which you don't like either, but that's a different sense.) The “old regime” is always pejorative, coming from the French revolutionaries' gleeful derogation of the government of the last Bourbon kings as l'ancien rgime. The word's coloration is negative; no politician seeking a “fresh start”or a “clean sweep” goes on to call for a “new regime.”
“If the case for regime change is clear,” writes MichaelEisenstadt in The National Interest, “the way forward is not. The deˉbate in Washington about regimechange in Iraq has become highly partisan.” (The title of his article is “Curtains for the Baath,” a play on the name of Saddam's Baath political party; this suggests further headlines like “Going to the Mat With Baath,” “Baath Throws In Towel,” etc.)
Where did this euphemism begin? The earliest citation I can find in the Nexis databank is in a 1980 A.P. story predicting “risk to business fromregime change.” After kicking around in foreign—policy journals for a decade, it was picked up by Daily Variety in Hollywood, as it followed “the regime change at MCA Music.” Diplolingo is nowwresting the phrase back from the general usage. (to be continued)
科林·鲍威尔国务卿注意遣词地、坦率地宣称:布什政府“决意要”使伊拉克发生“regime change(政权更迭)”。他对参议院重申:“使其发生regime change将是符合该地区最大利益的。”这是表示“推翻政府”或“打倒萨达姆”的委婉语。
那么,他为何不说“我们打算把他以及他周围一伙大量杀人的刽子手撵出巴格达,代之以一个将允许伊拉克人民自由选举的政府”呢?因为这种说法是不合外交辞令的,甚或是不策略的。Overˉthrow(推翻)和topple(推翻,使之倒台)是强烈、有力的动词;而regime change(政权更迭)是个冷静客气的名词词组,表示没有附带伤害的转变。
人们称自己所不喜欢的政府为regime(政权)。(regime一词还可以指只限于吃胡柚和意大利面条的严格规定的饮食,这你也不会喜欢,但那是另一个词义了。)“old regime(旧政权)”一词始终是贬义的,这一用语来自法国革命者兴高采烈地把波旁王朝最后几个国王的政府贬称为l'ancien rgime(旧政权)。这个词的色彩是负面的;没有哪个谋求一个“新开端”或“清除全部积弊”的政界人物会接着要求成立一个“new regime(新政权)”的。
迈克尔·艾森施塔特在《国家利益》季刊上著文说:“如果说要求regime change(政权更迭)的理由是清楚的,前面的道路则并不清楚。华盛顿关于在伊拉克实现regime change的辩论已变得极其以党派观点为分野。”(他的文章的标题是《阿拉伯复兴社会党的末日》,这是拿萨达姆的政党阿拉伯复兴社会党的名称来嘲弄;这会促使报上再出现像《坚决与阿拉伯复兴社会党斗争》和《阿拉伯复兴社会党认输》等标题)。
这一委婉用语是从哪里开始的?我在内克西斯资料库中能找到的最早的例证是1980年美联社的一则预测“regime change(政权更迭)对企业带来的风险”的报道。这一用语在对外政策刊物上活跃十年之后,为好莱坞的《多彩世界日报》所采用,当时该报密切注视着“美国音乐公司*音乐部的regime change(体制改变)”。外交用语界现正奋力把这一词组从一般用法中夺回来。(待续)
译注:*MCA,全称为The Music Corporation of America,现为美国制作电影和电视片的大公司。
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