四种会计制度(上)
Like a country's laws, its accounting standards usually reflect its national culture, ideals, and politics. The relationship beˉtween people who produce accounting statements and people who use them also influences the standards in a given country. There are four basic accounting models that are used around the world today: Anglo—American, Continental, South American, and Mixed Economy. In recent years, a fifth model that tries to unify the other models into a single global perspective has also begun to develop.
Anglo—American model. This accounting model focuses on the information needs of the investors and creditors. The stock markets in countries that follow this model are usually large and well developed, and companies rely heavily on securities to raise the capital they need to do business. Under this model, the accounting practices for multinational corporations are quite sophisticated. This model is common in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Mexico, and South Africa.
一国的会计制度,与它的法律一样,通常是该国文化、思想和政治的反映。会计报表的制作者与使用者之间的关系也给一国的会计制度带来影响。目前全世界共有四种基本的会计模式:英美式、大陆式、南美式和混合经济式。近年来,第五种模式也发展起来,这一模式试图将其他模式归为全球一统。
英美式:这种会计模式注重投资者与债权人的信息需求。采行这种模式的国家,通常具有大型的、成熟的股票市场,而且其公司严重依赖有价证券来募集经营所需的资本。在这种模式下,跨国公司的会计操作相当复杂。这种模式在美国、英国、荷兰、香港、墨西哥和南非等地通行。
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