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比亚利圆面包我们正在走向扁平面包的凹坑?(英文精解)

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比亚利圆面包我们正在走向扁平面包的凹坑?(英文精解) 由于《演出人》一剧的创作者梅尔·布鲁克斯的缘故,bialy(比亚利圆面包)一词在美国开始流行起来。《演'...

比亚利圆面包我们正在走向扁平面包的凹坑?(英文精解)


由于《演出人》一剧的创作者梅尔·布鲁克斯的缘故,bialy(比亚利圆面包)一词在美国开始流行起来。《演出人》是极少几部没有一首流行歌曲的、十分成功的音乐喜剧之一。
他塑造的中心人物是马克斯·比亚利斯托克。对于这个总想靠上演一部注定失败的戏剧来诈骗投资者的无耻演出人的角色,那名字赋予其一种朦朦胧胧的东欧味道。
这是因为有一个地方叫比亚利斯托克,是一个位于波兰东北部、人口约为25万的城市。该市产生的最著名人物是苏联外交家李维诺夫和微生物学家艾伯特·萨宾。该市最著名的产品在当地被称为Bialystoker kuchen(比亚利斯托克小吃),而饥饿的人群则称之为bialy.
bialy与硬面包圈(bagel)之不同,犹如比亚利斯托克之于符拉迪沃斯托克(海参崴)———相差十万八千里。bialy是一种圆形的、茶碟大小的pletzl(即“扁平面包”,pletzl与“pretzel”[纽结形椒盐脆饼]押韵),其中央部被按压成一个凹陷,放有洋葱小片,使其吃起来可口。
食品评论家迈米·谢拉顿去年写了一本书,名叫《吃比亚利圆面包者:一种面包和一个失落世界的故事》,对这种令人馋涎欲滴的食物进行了探索。bialy一词在斯拉夫语言中的意思虽然是“白”,但是这种像烤饼的面包的名称并非来自它上面撒着的白色面粉,而是来自该市所在的波兰山坡即stok,位于我们会称之为“白河”的一条河流的旁边,该市即因此得名。而这种香味扑鼻的面包又由于产自该市而得名,那位虚构的百老汇演出人名字也是由此而来。
谢拉顿对这种松脆的圆面包的描述是:“其特点是,中央部有一个凹陷,凹陷四周为一个较软的、高出来的边缘,两者上面全都是密密麻麻的烤洋葱,而最为令人叫绝的是,上面还撒了罂粟籽。”她还怀着某种崇敬之情补充说,这种面包“若加上甜黄油或松软的奶油干酪,会十分协调”。
本部直言相告:对于bialy(比亚利圆面包),既不应切开吃,也不应烘烤。在它凹陷部的洋葱上,你爱抹上什么就抹什么。当今面包房把他们的罂粟籽全用在硬面包圈(bagel)上了,硬面包圈可以烤,但是罂粟籽把烤箱溅得一塌糊涂。如果你喜欢你的早餐面包热吃,那就把这种中央凹陷的pletzl(扁平面包)烤五分钟左右,直到其边缘看起来吓人为止。(我不知道用什么热度,因为这是一个语言专栏。)这个新近已家喻户晓的词读作“be—AH—lee.”
(※“depression”为一语双关。作者同时以此意指美国近期不景气的经济形势。)
BIALY
Are we headed into a pletzl's 
depression?By William Safire

Thanks to Mel Brooks,creator of“The Producers”———one of the few smash—hit musicals without one popular song———the word bialyis rising on America's horizon.
His central character is Max Bialystock.That name gives a vaguely Eastˉern European flavor to the role of the unˉscrupulous impresario out to bilk investors by producing a sure—fire flop.
That's because there is a place named Bialystok.It is a city of about a quarter million residents located in northeast Poland;its most famous sons were the Soviet diplomˉat Maxim Litvinov and the microbiologist Albert Sabin.Its most famous product is known locally as the Bialystoker kuchenand to the hungry world as the bialy.
A bialyis to a bagel what Bialystok is to Vladivostok——that is,a world apart.A bialyis a round,saucer—size pletzl,“flat bread”(rhymes with“pretzel”),that has its center mushed in to form a depression made delectable with bits of onion.
The food critic Mimi Sheraton explored this mouthwatering subject last year in a book titled“The Bialy Eaters:The Story of a Bread and a lost World.”Although bialymeans“white”in Slavic languages,the cakelike bread does not get its name from its dusting of white flour;rather,the polish mountainside,or stok,is on what we would call the White River,which gives its name to the city.That city,in turn,gives its name to the fragrant roll and to the ficˉtional Broadway producer.
Sheraton describes the tenderly crusty roll as“characterized by an indented center well that is ringed by a softer,higher rim,all generously flecked with toasted onions and,at its most authentic,with a showering of poppy seeds.”It has,she adds with a certain reverence,“an affinity for sweet butter and fluffy cream cheese.”
This department does not shrink from controversy:one should neither slice nor toast a bialy.Smear whatever you like over the onions in the well;bakeries these days use up their poppy seeds on bagels,which can be toasted,but the seeds mess up the toaster.If you like your breakfast bread hot,bake the center—depressed pletzl for five minutes or so until its edges look threatening.(I don't know at what heat;thisis a language column.)The newly popularized word is pronounced“be—AH—lee.”

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